First Law of Thermodynamics, Basic Introduction, Physics Problems
Summary
The video explains how to calculate the change in internal energy of a system using the first law of thermodynamics, considering sign conventions for heat energy and work. It illustrates a problem where heat energy is added and work is performed, leading to an increase in internal energy, and contrasts this with a scenario where heat energy is removed and work is done on the system, resulting in a decrease in internal energy. It also delves into calculating work during expansion with constant pressure, analyzing heat changes to determine internal energy change, and converting units from liters*atm to joules for work done on a gas during compression.
Calculating Change in Internal Energy
Explaining how to calculate the change in internal energy of a system by using the first law of thermodynamics and understanding the sign conventions for heat energy and work.
Determining Change in Internal Energy (Part 1)
Solving a problem where 300 joules of heat energy is added to the system and 200 joules of work is performed by the system, leading to an increase in internal energy by 100 joules.
Determining Change in Internal Energy (Part 2)
Solving another problem where 700 joules of heat energy is removed from the system and 400 joules of work is done on the system, resulting in a decrease in internal energy by 300 joules.
Calculating Work in Gas Expansion
Explaining how to calculate work performed by or on a gas during expansion with a constant pressure, and analyzing heat energy changes to determine the change in internal energy of the system.
Determining Work in Gas Compression
Analyzing a scenario where heat energy is removed from a gas during compression, calculating the work done on the gas, and understanding the conversion of units from liters times atm to joules.
FAQ
Q: What is the first law of thermodynamics?
A: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Q: How is the change in internal energy of a system calculated using the first law of thermodynamics?
A: The change in internal energy of a system is calculated by subtracting the heat energy added to the system from the work performed by the system.
Q: What are the sign conventions for heat energy and work in thermodynamics?
A: In thermodynamics, heat energy added to the system is considered positive, while work done by the system is considered positive.
Q: Can you explain how work performed by or on a gas during expansion with constant pressure is calculated?
A: Work performed by or on a gas during expansion with constant pressure is calculated as the product of the pressure, the change in volume, and the cosine of the angle between the force and displacement.
Q: How is the change in internal energy of a system determined by analyzing heat energy changes?
A: The change in internal energy of a system is determined by analyzing the heat energy added to or removed from the system, as well as the work done by or on the system.
Q: What is the process of converting units from liters times atm to joules?
A: To convert units from liters times atm to joules, the value is multiplied by the conversion factor 101.3 J/L·atm.
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