Environmental Science: Theory into Practice - II | B.A Prog./Hons. Semester 3rd Imp. Ques. with Ans.

Discussion on the syllabus related to environmental science, importance of theories, and practice.

Covering topics such as pollution, environmental policies, and biodiversity.

Explaining the concept of biodiversity, conservation, and the importance of preserving ecosystems.

Detailing the importance of biodiversity, conservation methods, and sustainability practices.

Discussing the dependence of humans on ecosystems, environmental movements, and biodiversity conservation.

Explaining genetic diversity, types of biodiversity like species richness, ecosystem conservation.

Covering the significance of genetic diversity, human dependence on biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning.

Explaining the three types of genetic diversity - ecosystem diversity, genetic diversity, and species diversity.

Discussion on genetic diversity and its impact on different species and environments.

Exploration of how species adapt to different environments and the role of ecosystems.

Explanation of measuring biodiversity through alpha, beta, and gamma diversity.

Importance of biodiversity in highlighting biological diversity and describing various risks.

Understanding ecological systems, the services they provide, and their impact on conservation and pollution reduction.

Discusses the importance of conservation in preserving biodiversity and ecosystems. It highlights the impact of climate change and the need for sustainable practices to protect species and habitats.

Examines the environmental changes and challenges such as habitat destruction, pollution, and species depletion. Emphasizes the consequences of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

Explores conservation methods like species conservation, seed banking, and genetic diversity protection. Discusses the role of conservation in maintaining ecological balance and protecting endangered species.

Discusses the role of ecosystems in sustaining biodiversity and the importance of conservation in preventing ecosystem imbalances. Highlights the significance of preserving natural habitats and wildlife for future generations.

Explains the significance of genetic conservation in preserving species diversity and preventing genetic loss. Discusses the conservation of unique genetic traits and the protection of endangered species.

Explaining the concept of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, their purpose, and the importance of conservation within these protected areas.

Definition and importance of sustainable development, discussing the need to balance present needs with future generations' needs and the impact on society and the environment.

Discussing the use of resources, renewable energy, pollution control, and environmental conservation to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainable practices.

Addressing social progress, equality, community development, and social responsibility within sustainable practices.

Explains the concept of acidic rain, its causes, effects, and formation process involving sulfur and nitrogen elements.

Discusses the chemical reactions occurring in the environment due to sulfur and nitrogen emissions, resulting in the formation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.

Describes the impact of acid rain on soil pH values and its implications on human health and the environment.

Explores the significance of the ozone layer in blocking harmful UV rays and protecting human health and ecosystems.

The process of chlorine gas formation and its impact due to environmental factors like temperature.

The implications of chlorine gas on the ozone layer and its potential effects on human health and the environment.

Discussion on the environmental effects of chlorine and bromine gases and the need for prevention and control measures.

Explanation of the objectives of the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981 and the Environmental Protection Act 1986 in addressing pollution issues and controlling harmful effects.

Details on the establishment of central and state boards to regulate pollution, enforcement of laws, penalties, and public awareness in pollution control measures.

Discussion on the important features of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, highlighting the significance of wildlife conservation and the penalties for hunting and exploitation of wildlife.

Exploration of the definition of wildlife as per the act, including animals, aquatic or plant life that form a part of any habitat.

Explanation of the objectives of the Wildlife Protection Act focusing on protecting wildlife and plants, imposing bans on hunting, and controlling trade.

Discussion on the key features of the Wildlife Protection Act including penalties for hunting, creating wildlife sanctuaries, and conservation reserves.

Insights into how the growth of human population impacts the environment, wildlife, and ecosystem, leading to deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

Discusses the harmful effects of waste material like polythene on health due to its non-biodegradable nature, emphasizing the need for responsible water usage to avoid wastage.

Explains how increasing population leads to challenges in farming, including the use of excessive fertilizers that degrade soil and cause soil erosion, impacting food production.

Addresses the concept of disaster mitigation and the importance of assessing and limiting natural risks to safeguard communities, economies, and ecosystems.

Importance of operating consistently to minimize risks and prepare for disasters through awareness, insurance, and preparedness.

Exploring the causes and impacts of disasters like earthquakes and cyclones, emphasizing the need for disaster management planning.

Discussion on energy flow within ecosystems, highlighting the interdependence of organisms and the importance of food chains and trophic levels.

Discusses the ecosystem as the structural or functional unit of our environment that operates according to its environment, involving living and non-living things.

Explains the different types of forests such as Tropical Rainforests and Deciduous Forests, highlighting their characteristics and examples like the Amazon Rainforest.

Describes the components of forest layers including canopy, understory, forest floor, and emergent layer, emphasizing their functions like absorption of carbon and organic matter decomposition.

Explores the concept of global warming, its causes such as CO2 emissions, and its impact on climate change, emphasizing the need for balance in ecosystems to mitigate adverse effects.

The eruption of volcanoes leads to an increase in global warming due to water vapors and ash causing the greenhouse effect, leading to natural issues that cannot be controlled. The melting glaciers due to volcanic eruptions result in rising water levels, causing habitat destruction and ecosystem heat stress.

To combat global warming, actions such as reducing carbon dioxide emissions, using clean energy sources, avoiding fossil fuels, and implementing water conservation laws like the Water Act of 1974 are necessary to mitigate the environmental impact.

The role of central pollution control boards in monitoring and controlling water pollution, enforcing regulations on industries to reduce pollution, and promoting environmental awareness and waste management are crucial in environmental protection.

The Chipko movement, originating in Uttarakhand, involved grassroots efforts by villagers to protect trees and forests. The movement was led by environmental activists like Gaura Devi, emphasizing the significance of conservation and sustainable practices.

In the Himalayan region, trees were cut in large quantities leading to the Chipko movement which started due to the excessive cutting of trees to create a boundary. This led to a conflict with international logging rules and a rise in tree-cutting due to the demand for wood.

Policies were introduced to halt the cutting of trees, setting regulations and restrictions on tree-cutting. This led to an increase in forest cover and the prohibition of logging in specific areas, emphasizing the need to protect trees and promote sustainable development.

The Chipko movement had a significant impact in 1980 when the Prime Minister intervened to stop tree-cutting, resulting in the formulation of policies that were successful in preserving trees. These policies led to an increase in forest cover and environmental conservation efforts.

The Kyoto Protocol was created to address global climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions like CO2 and methane. It aimed to establish targets for emission reduction and promote clean and sustainable practices to combat environmental issues.

The Kyoto Protocol featured emission reduction targets, flexibility in compliance, and mechanisms for financial assistance and adaptation. It focused on reducing emissions and promoting sustainable environmental practices through clean initiatives and financial support.

Initiatives like the Clean India Campaign and investments in emission reduction credits were carried out to address climate change and promote cleaner environments. These actions aimed to reduce pollution and improve air quality through sustainable practices and financial assistance.

Adaptation and financial assistance were crucial aspects to combat the impacts of climate change. These measures aimed to assist those facing financial challenges due to environmental issues and promote cleaner practices for mitigating pollution and climate change.

Discussing the importance of affordable and environmentally friendly transportation to reduce pollution.

Detailing the measures taken to enhance security, especially in public transportation using CNJ-based vehicles to reduce pollution.

Highlighting the advantages of CNJ vehicles, including lower maintenance costs, reduced engine pollution, and increased efficiency in gas emission valves.

Addressing the limited availability of CNJ vehicles in Delhi NCR due to restricted booting space and the benefits of renewable energy sources like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in reducing emissions.